The mean absolute difference between model estimates and validation survey results was 2.9 percentage points (SD = 1.5) among the four states (CA, TX, OH, CO) and 3.6 percentage points (SD = 2.9) among the two metropolitan areas (Columbus, OH, and San Francisco, CA), well within the margins of error for the survey results alone (at a 95% confidence level). Second, the model estimates derived from the full dataset were compared to the results of independent, representative state- and city-level surveys conducted in California, Colorado, Ohio, Texas, San Francisco, and Columbus, Ohio in 2013. These cross-validation tests were repeated multiple times using different sample sizes and dividing the data in different ways. The model estimates were then compared to the results of the set aside respondents to directly quantify the percentage of correct answers the model predicted. The dataset was divided into two sets of respondents, with one part used to run the model and the other kept aside for validation. First, cross-validation analyses were conducted within the dataset. Our estimates were validated using three different methods. Validating models is essential for producing accurate results. The estimates are derived from a statistical model using multilevel regression with post-stratification (MRP) on a large national survey dataset (n>31,000), along with demographic and geographic population characteristics. climate change beliefs, risk perceptions, and policy preferences at the state and local levels – a new source of high-resolution data on public opinion that can inform national, state and local decision-making, policy, and education initiatives. For further questions about these maps or what they mean, please see our Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) tab above. This research and website are funded by the Energy Foundation, the 11th Hour Project, the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Endeavor Foundation. In some cases, numbers that should sum to 100% or differences from the national average that should sum to zero are off by one percentage point these effects are due to rounding errors. See the methods page for more information about uncertainty estimates. For the bar charts and the maps alike, multiple responses to each survey question are grouped into positive and negative categories as defined on the Survey Question Wording tab. In 13 states where districts could be redrawn in the near future for the 119th Congress, we are delaying the release of estimates.īeneath each map are bar charts displaying the results for every question at whichever geographic scale is currently selected. You will find that not all congressional districts have data due to pending litigation regarding the adoption of new redistricting plans. The Congressional District Map reflects the 118th Congress (2023-2025). Meanwhile 71% in neighboring Grand County, Utah believe global warming is happening.Įxplore the maps by clicking on your state, congressional district, or county and compare the results across questions and with other geographic areas. Our new YCOM model estimates, however, show that only 49% of people in Emery County, Utah agree. Our national surveys show that 72% of Americans think global warming is happening. We can now estimate public opinion across the country and a rich picture of the diversity of Americans’ beliefs, attitudes, and policy support is revealed. Our team of scientists, however, has developed a geographic and statistical model to downscale national public opinion results to the state, congressional district, and county levels. So why would we rely on just one national number to understand public responses to climate change at the state and local levels? Public opinion polling is generally done at the national level, because local level polling is very costly and time intensive. Public opinion about global warming is an important influence on decision making about policies to reduce global warming or prepare for the impacts, but American opinions vary widely depending on where people live. This version of the Yale Climate Opinion Maps is based on data through fall 2023.
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